Lapping machine



Oct. 22, 1935. y|= THELER ET AL 2,017,875

LAPPING MACHINE Filed Dec. 5, 1932 7 Sheets-Sheet 1 gmc/Wto@ Oct. 22,1935. F. J, THELER 'ET AL 2,017,875

LAPPING MACHINE Filed Deo. 5, 1932 7 Sheets-Sheet 2 Oct. 22, 1935. F. J.THELER Er AL LAPPING MACHINE Filed De'G. 5,I 1952 7 Sheets-Sheet 3 lzg4Oct. 22, 1935. THELER Er AL 2,017,875

LAPPING MACHINE` Filed Deo. 5, 1932 '7 Sheets-Sheet 4 www' mm3 0d. 22,1935; F. J. THELER ET AL n 2,017,875

LAPPING MACHINE Filed Dec. 5, 1932V 7 sheets-sheet 5 Oct.l 22, 1935.

F. J. THELER EVAL LAPPING MACHINE Jia Filed Deo. 5, 1952 7 Sheets-Sheet6 ma n Oct. 22, 1935. J THELER ET AL 2,017,875

LAP-PING MACHINE Filed Deo. 5, 1952 7 Sheets-Sheet 7 Patented Oct. 22,1935 LAPPmG MAcHiNE Frederick J. Theler, Cincinnati, George V. Johnston,Loveland, and Willetts Peaslee, Cincinnati, Ohio Application December 5,1932, Serial No. 645,730

36 Claims.

This invention relates to improvements in machine tools and especiallyto improvements in lapping machines.

An object of this invention is the provision of a lapping machineparticularly adapted for lapping cylindrical or circular work piecesthat cannot be axially shifted during the lapping operation.

Another object of the invention is the provision of a lapping machinefor rapidly and simultaneously lapping individual portions of a circularor cylindrical work piece.

A further object of the invention is the provision of a. lapping machinefor lapping the shoulders of cylindrical work pieces, that is, lappingthat portiorr ofa cylindrical work piece that lies adjacent anenlzrgediillar or flange on the work.

A still further object of the invention is the.

provision of a lapping machinefor lapping the u dat lateral faces of anenlarged portion of a Y work piece.

It is also an object of this invention to provide an improved lappingmachine for simultaneous- 1y lapping cylindrical portions of a workpiece 2.-, which lie adjacent an enlarged flange or collar and forlapping one or both sides of the said flange or collar simultaneouslyYwith the lapping of the cylindrical portions of the work.

It is also a, further object of this invention to 3U provide an improvedlapping machine for accomplishing the above objects in which the work isautomatically presented to the lapping wheels or members andautomatically ejected therefrom.

The invention also contemplates an improved 35 control mechanism forinitiating and controlling the several functions and operations of themachine.

, Other objects -and advantages of the present invention should bereadily apparent by reference o to the following specificationconsidered in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, forming a partthereof, and it is to be understood that any modifications may be madein the exact structural details there shown and described, 4;, withinthe scope of the appended claims, without departing from or exceedingthe spirit cf the invention.

In the drawings: Figure 1 is a front elevation of the improved 50lapping machine of this invention. v Figure 2 is atop plan view of themachine as seen in Figure l, the truing mechanisms being removed and theguard shown in section.

Figure 3 is an end elevational view, as seen 55 from the left hand endof Figures 1 and 2*.

position with respect to the lapping members.

Figure 'l is a diagrammatic view illustrating 10 the hydraulic controlcircuits involved in the invention.

Figure 8 is a vertical sectional view through the throat of the machine,as seen particularly along line 8 8 on Figure 1. l5

Figure 9 is a vertical sectional view taken at right angles to theplaneor section of Figure 8, as seen along line 9 9 on vsaid Figure 8.

Figure 10 is a fragmentary sectional view taken on line I0 I0 on Figure8. 20

Figure 11 is a sectional View through the control valve for thehydraulic circuit and is taken on line Il ll on Figure 1.

Figure 12 is a horizontal sectional view showing the speed variationmechanism and is a viewtaken substantiallyon line I2 I2 on Figure 3.

Figure 13 is a sectional view taken on line I3 l3 on Figure 2.

Figure 14 is a sectional view taken on line M 'Ill on Figure 4.

Figure 15 is a sectional view l5-l5 on Figure 11. I

Throughout the several views ofthe drawings, similar referencecharacters have been employed j 3o taken on line -to denote the same orsimilar parts.

Since this application and our co-pending application Serial No;622,662, filed July 1 5, 1932, have certain subject-matter in common, wehave made claims to such common subject-matter in` the said copendingapplication. .40

As was suggested above, the machine of this invention is particularlyadapted for providinga flat lapped nish on work pieces.- By thisis meantthat the work is provided with a surface that is substantially devoid ofalternate grooves and ridges, which are produced by a grinding machineduring the final grinding operation. These grooves and ridges aregenerally circumferentialof the work pieces and are formed by theabrasive y grains of which the grinding wheel is composed. It is to beunderstood that the grinding wheel, in usual grinding practice, isrotated at its efficient grinding rate of speed, namely about 6000periph-- eral feet or more 4a minute. It is also appreciated that thedepth of the groove and theregularity of the ridges depend to a largeextent on the grade or iineness of the said grains of which the wheel iscomposed. When the work piece resulting from such a grinding operationis placed in operation in the mechanism or apparatus of which it forms apart the ridges are soon Worn away so that while the work piece probablytted its bearing when inserted therein, it will, shortly after beingplaced in use, be loose therein due to the wearing away and resultantflattening out of the said ridges.

The machine of this invention removes these ridges left by the grindingoperation and does so without forming any of its own and thereby ourinvention insures that the work piece i'lts its bearing, if, as isusually the case, it is intended for reception in or by a bearing, for aconsiderably longer period of time after being placed in use. Thesurface, therefore, produced by the lapping machine is iiat or plane(though it may be curved) asvcompared to the ridged surface of the pieceafter it leaves the grinding machine. This vlapped surface is producedon the present machine by wheels composed of abrasive grains, but due t0such factors as the fact that the differential in speed between thewheel and work is much lower than that between the grinding machinewheel and work, the results are entirely different.

Speciiically the machine comprises a bed I5 (Figure v1) having formed onits upper surface opposed raised pads I6 and I1 (Figure 2) on the uppersurface of 'which are respectively disposed the lapping head I8 andcontrolhead I9. Each of the heads has its base plate extending beyondthe longitudinal edges of its supporting pad, which resulting extendingportions are formed into down-turned flanges 20 and 2l, see Figure 3.Each of the heads is in turn provided on the under surface of its baseplate with a groove 22 respectively receiving therein-guide members 23and 24 (Figures 2 and 3). These guides 23 and 24 are pivoted to beadjustable about vertical axesat their inner adjacent ends by pivots 25and 26 (Figure 2) to their respective pads and are hence adjustable forcorrespondingly shifting their heads. From this it will be seen that theangle between the said guides may be changed, thus to dispose said headsat an angle to one another.

Since the means for angling the guides is the same for each, it isdeemed suflicient if but one of them be described in detail; accordinglythe guide 23 is provided at its outer end with a depending lug 21(Figure 13) received in a passage or slot 28 formed laterally of a lugor bracket 29 (Figures 2 and 3) projecting from the outer end of the padI6. The bracket 29 has extending through opposite sides thereofadjusting screws 30 and 3lv (Figures 2, 3 and 13) engaging oppositefaces of the lug 21 and co-operating with one another to position thesaid guide 23 relative to the bed.

The adjusting screws 30 and 3| are provided with lock nuts 32 forsecuring same and consequently` the guide in adjusted positions. Asimilar arrangement, as above-mentioned, is provided for adjusting theguide`24; both adjusting arrangements are clearly indicated and shown inFigure 2.

kThe heads I8 and I9 are adapted to be actuated relative to theirsupporting pads toward and from each other along paths determined by theadjustment oi' the guides 23 and 24 by similar means only one of whichwill be described in detail. 'I'he lapping head I8 -has mounted in itsouter end face a nut 33 (Figures 1 and 2) in threaded engagement with anadjusting screw 34 which is in turn rotatably journaled in a bracket 35extending upwardly fromA the outer end of the guide 23. The adjustingscrew 34 extends beyond the bearing bracket 35 and has secured to itsprojecting portion a hand or pilot wheel 36 whereby the said screw isrotated.

In order to secure the heads in adjusted positions, the down-turnedflanges 20 and 2| thereof each has underlying it a clamp plate 3l(Figure 3) co-operating with manually actuated clamp screws 38 operableby the handles 39 for securely engaging underneath laterally extendingflanges of the raised pads and clamping them between the i shaft orspindle 44 carried by the carriage 42 when the said shaft or spindle ishorizontallyvdisposed. Received in the aperture 43 is a pivot pin 66connecting the head I8 and carriage 42 and about which the carriage maybe oscillated or swung to dispose the axis of the shaft or spindle 44 atan angle to the horizontal. 'I'he carriage 42 is provided with arms 4 5and 46 (Figure 4) in which are mounted anti-friction bearings 4'I and 48forming journals for the spindle 44. The spindle 44 has mounted thereona sleeve'or collet 49 for receiving thereon a plurality of lappingmembers or wheels 50, 5I and 52. The wheels 59 and 5I are spaced fromone another by a sleeve 53, while the wheels 5I and 52 are in turnspaced from one another by a sleeve 54. The wheels and spacing sleevesare clamped between an upstanding iiange 55 formed integral with orsecured to one end of the collet 49, and a nut posite end of the collet49.` 'Ihe particular spacing thus provided by way of illustration, asshown in the drawings (see Figure 4) is to take care of the spacedbearings 51, 58 and 59 of a cam shaft such as is used on internalcombustion engines. It is to be understood, however, that the machine isnot limited to the production of the particular work piece illustratedin the drawings.

In order to clamp the carriage 42 in its selected position of adjustmentabout the pivot 66, the

-carriage has projecting from it a pair of clamp screws 60 and 6I (seeFigure 3) which extend through arcuate slots 62 and 63 formed in theplate 4I. The carriage 42 has further extending from it a clamp bolt 64(Figure 3) passing through an elongated slot 65 likewise formed in theplate 4I. lIn order to eiect the adjustment or oscillation of thecarriage 42 about the axis of the pivot 66, the plate 4I has anoutwardly extending boss 61 (Figures 1 and 3) through which is threadedan adjusting screw 68 that contacts with a roller or the like 69 carriedby the clamping screw 6I).

From the foregoing it will be noted that the carriage 42 may beoscillated or swung about the axis of the pivot or trunnion 66(Figure'4) for disposing the axis of the spindle 44 and parts carriedthereby at an angle to the horizontal. It will further be noted thatthrough the adjusting screws 30 and 3| the guide 23 may be adjustedabout the axis of its pivot 25 for thereby disposing the axis of thespindle 44 .at an angle within the plane which is` parallel to thehorizontal plane through the machine.y In other words, the axis of thespindle 44 and parts carried thereby is ad- 56 threaded on the opsimilarto the head |8, includes a bracket or housinstable in planes at rightangles to one another for thereby skewing the axis of the lapping wheelswithrespect to the axis of the work piece.

By reference particularly to Figure 6 it will be noted that the wheels50, and 52 are of increasing diameter so that they are in effectsections of a concidal member. The term -conoid al is employed indesignating same for the reason that due to the horizontal angularrelationship between the axis on which these wheels rotate and the axisof .the work, it is necessary that the surfaces be slightly concaved inorder to provide proper contact between the wheels and the work, thelapping members'therefore tending to fit or lap around the work piece.It is of course to be understood that the amount of concaving applied towhat may be considered a frustro-conical wheel member, of which onlysections 50, 5| and 52 are employed, is as an entirety quite slight, andthe concavity is therefore illustrated in greatly exaggerated form to bevisually'perceptible in the reduced scale of the drawings.

The head I9 is the work controlling head and,

ing member 10 (Figures l, 2 and 4) having a base plate 10a (Figure 4)and an upstanding face plate 1| against which is butted a carriage 12.The

'plate 1| is provided with an aperture 13 substantially centrally of thewidth of the plate 1| lying in the plane containing the axis of thespindle or shaft 14 carried by the carriage 12. Journaled in theaperture 13 is a trunnion or pin 15 having integral therewith or securedthereto a key 16 received in a groove or keyway 11 formed in thecarriage 12. The carriage 12 also has extending from it a pair of arms18 and 19 respectively containing anti-friction bearings 80 and 8|forming journals for the spindle 14. The spindle 14 has mounted thereona sleeve or collet 82 axially spaced of which are the friction controlor regulating wheels 83, 84 and 85, illustratively three, to match thelapping wheels. The wheels 83 and 84 are spaced from one another by thesleeve spacing member 86, while the wheels 84 and 85 are likewise spacedfrom one another by a sleeve or spac er 81. The wheels and spacers areclamped to the collet 82 Aby means of flange 88 integral with or securedto the collet 82 anda nut 89 threaded on said collet. The wheels83. 84and 85 are juxtaposed to wheels 59, 5|', 52 (Figure 4) and arepositioned to engage with the bearing portions 51, 58 and 59 of the workpiece at points disposed on the other side of its axis from the pointsthereof engaged by the lapping wheels 50, 5| and 52.

The carriage 12 is adapted to be oscillated or adjusted about the axisof the trunnion or pivot by a screw 90 (Figure 1) threaded into a boss9| projecting from the rear surface of the plate 1|. This adjustingscrew 90 engages with a roller or the like 92 carried by a clamping bolt93, this construction being similar to the already described adjustingmeans carried by the lapping or operating head. A further clamping screw94 projects from the carriage 12 (see Figure 4) and this clamping screw94 andv the clamping screw or bolt 93, extend through arcuate slots 96and 95, respectively. The heads 91 and 98 respectively of clamp screws93 and 94 are received in T-shaped slots 99 and |00 (Figure 4) formed lnthe carriage 12. These T-shaped slots prevent rotation'of the clampingscrews when the clamping nuts thereof are actuated in either a clampingor releasing direction and at the same time permit a lateral adscrews I03 and |04. The said adjusting screws I engage on their inner ends withthe vertical faces of the plate 1|, as is better shown in Figure 4. Theadjustment of the carriage 12 is limited to take place in a directionaxially of the spindle 14 through the interengagement of the abovedescribed key 16 and keyway 11. By this construction, no interferenceisoffered to the oscillation or tilting adjustment of the carriage aboutthe axis of the stud 15 since the key 16 is in the same plane as thestud 15 and is oscillatable with the stud about its axis.

The work piece has formed thereon,l adjacent the bearing portion 59, anenlarged flange or co1- lar |05 (Figure 4) which is tohave its oppositesurfaces lapped. 'This lapping is effected on the sideadjacent thebearing 59 by the lateral or side face |06 of the control wheel 85, andon the opposite side by the lateral face (or edge) |01 ofthe passes apin I I1 carried by a piston rod I I8 which extends through a suitablebore formed -in the spindle. Secured to the outer end of the-piston rodis a piston I I9 enclosed within a cylinder |20 secured in any desirablemanner to a suitable part of the bearing 8|. The cylinder |20 isprovided with three ports |2I, |22 andi|23 (Figure 4) with which arerespectively connected the termini of conduits |24, and |44 forming partof the hydraulic control system (Figure '7) and for conveying thehydraulic medium to the cylinder |20 for the operation ofthe pistontherein.

From the foregoing it will be noted that actuation of the piston I I9relative to the cylinder |20 elfects the shifting of the collet 09axially or lengthwise of and relative to the spindle 14 and consequentlya shifting of the wheel |01 toward and from the work flange |05. Themovement of the collet toward the flange continues until the wheelengages said flange whereupon the plungers ||3 and ||4 are compreseduntil the pin ||1 engages with and is stopped Yby the inner end of theslot passage ||6.

In arder to rigidly tiethe two heads after they have-been adjusted, andto effect further minute.

adjustments between the axes of the lapping and control spindles, theface plates 4| and 1| have respectively extending from their lateraledges,

ears |21. and |28 (Figure 2)- through which are formed tapered bores|29. Extending through l said bores are tie rods and |3| having -on oneend thereof nuts |32 which engage, for example, the plate 1|. The otherends of the tie rods I 30 and |3|` are. threaded to receive hand nuts|33 and |34 (Figures 2 and 3) which abut the plate 4|. Actuation of thenuts |33 and |34 in a given direction effects the drawing toward oneanother of the plates 4| and 1| for springing the said plates andthereby rigidly holding same in positions of adjustment. The taperedbores |29 permit such relative movement between the tie rods |30|3| andthe plates 4| and 1|, prior to tightening the nuts |33, |34 as isnecessitated bythe adjustment of the heads about the axes of the guidesand also by the oscillatory or tilting adjustment of the carriages;thereby interference from said rods to such adjustment as would be thecase should the tie rods substantially t the said bores |29 isprevented.

As shown in Figure 9, for example, preferably the wheels areperipherally spaced apart or have their opposed operative surfaces makesuch an angle with each other as to .support the work in the troughformed by their peripheries or operative surfaces, during the lappingoperation. The work is automatically brought into'engagement with thewheels and automatically removed therefrom, for which purpose there isprovided a work loading and ejecting mechanism. For supporting the workloading and ejecting mechanism, the bed is provided with a transverserib |35 (Figure 9) extending crosswise of the bed and undemeath theopposed wheels (Figure 8); extending longitudinally of the slot isformed a T-slot |36 receiving the heads of bolts |31 which secure to thebed the bracket |38. This bracket has depending from it and through asuitable aperture in the bed a circular boss |39, better shown in Figure8, to which is secured one end of 'a cylinder |40 that encloses a piston|4|. Ihe cylinder |40 is closed at its other end by a head |42 throughwhich is formed a port |43 connected to one end of a conduit |44. Theboss |39 of bracket |38 is provided with an aperture through whichpasses a piston rod |45 having its upper end connected with a carrier|46; a suitable seal or stufing box, as shown in Figure 8, is providedto prevent leakage of the pressure medium throughout the movements ofthe piston rod. 'I'he carrier 46, whose shifting or movement in anup-and-down direction re- Sponds to the actuation of piston |4|,includes a pair of upstanding cylindrical or sleeve-like arms or posts|41 and |48 encircling posts |49 and |50, respectively, the latter beingsecured to and extending upwardly from the stationary support or bracket|38.

Accordingly, with the posts |49 and |59 rigidly held in position by theabove described construction, they form dependableguiding supports forthe carrier 46 and related parts,'for as the carrier |46 partakes ofmovementsin an up and down direction (in Figure it is shown in itslowermost position), the long sleeve-like members |41 and |48 slidealong the posts |49 and |50, respectively, and insure that the carrier46 and related parts are dependably and accurately guided duringmovement thereof and also dependably supported during periods of restthereof.

Threaded into the posts 49 and |50 are stop screws |5| and |52,respectively, which are thereby adjustable up and down relative to thesaid posts. The upper ends of the adjusting screws |5| and |52 areengaged by the lower ends of studs or pins |53 and |54, respectively,which are part of a supplemental or safety work rest |55. The rest |55(Figure 8) is not only a safety rest, but also a part of the loading andejecting mechanism and, in fact, actually carriesnthe work with thelapping members.

said wheels. As was noted above, and during 5` actual grinding, the restis below the work so that the work is supported by the wheels themselvesduring the lappingthereof. In addition, the rest |55 has secured to itguide members to prevent inadvertent or premature engagement of theworkand lapping wheels and to insure the work contacting rst with theregulating or control wheels to be set into rotation thereby and so thatit is already rotating when it contacts These guides consist of a pairof lingers, as is better shown in Figure 9, one being indicated by thereference character |59 and extending verticallyfrom the rest |55 whilethe other is an inclined finger |60. The ngers |59 and |60 co-operatewith one another to form a trough in which the Work is disposed duringthe movement thereof.

To insure proper contact between the work and Wheels, there is provideda pressure roller mechanism that engages lche work and forces it against25 the wheels during the lappingoperation, but we have so arranged theparts that the roller is disposed in an inoperative or out-of-the-wayposition to permit replacement of the work on the loading and ejectingmechanism at the conclusion of the lapping operation. For this reason,the tubular posts |41 and |48 each has extending upwardly from it aflugor ear |6| (Figures 9 and 8) to each of which is pivotally secured, eachas bythe shaft |62, an arm |63. Each arm |63 carries at one end a pin oraxle |64 on which is rotatably mounted a rollerv |65 (Figures 8 and 9).The roller |65 is covered peripherally with a relatively softnon-scratching material, preferably rubber. Each arm'| 63 has rotatablysecured to 40 it a roller |66 (Figure 9) which when the carrier |46 iselevated as indicated in broken lines in Figure 9 engages with anabutment or block |61 carried by the forward end of the regulating wheelcarriage 12 for effecting the swinging of 45 the arm |63 in a clockwisedirection or from the position shown in full lines in Figure 9 to theposition shown in dotted lines therein. This stroke of the oscillationof the arms |63 is against the yielding resistance of springs |68(Figure 8) 50 having their lower ends |69 connected with tensionadjusting bolts |10 carried by the side ends of the carrier |46. Theother ends |1| of the springs |68 are connected to chains |12 (Figures 9and 8) which in turn have their free ends connected to 55 lugs |13securedto or depending from the under surfaces of the arms |63respectively, as seen better in Figure 9. 'Ihe chains |12 between thePoints of attachment thereof to the arms |63 and to the springs |68 passover anti-friction rollers |14 carried by the carrier |46 as is bettershown in Figure 9.

From the foregoing it will be noted that with the carrier |46 in itswork receiving or'upward position, the arms |63 are disposed in theirinoperative position, thereby not interfering with the placement of thework on the ngers 59 and |60. As the carrier is lowered into operativeposition the springs |66 swing the arms |63 in counter-clockwisedirection as viewed in Figure 9 to bring the pressure rollers |65 intocontact with the work, thereby forcing the work into proper operativeengagement with the lapping and work rotation controlling wheels.

The bracket or support |38 which supports the 75 work loading andejecting mechanism is provided with a cylindrical valve chamber |15(Figure 10) open at its upper end and containing a by-pass valve |16.This valve has formed therein a passage |11 effective with the valve inone position for connecting the ports |18 and |19 with one another, andeiective, with valve in a second position for interrupting the owbetween them, see Figure 10. The port |18 intercepts a port |80 which inturn connects with a port |8| to which is secured one end of thehydraulic conduit |24, which has its other end connected with the port|22 (Figures 4 and '1) of the cylinder |20 which controls ythe axialposition of wheel |08 (Figure 4). The port |19 (Figure 10) connects withthe port |82 in turn connected with a port |83 which leads into theupper end of the cylinder |40. Connected with the port |83 is one end ofan hydraulic conduit |84 which, as will later appear, terminates at amain control and reversing valve. The by-pass valve |16A (shown insection in Figure 8) is provided on opposite ends with counterbores |85and |86 which are separated by the section |81 of the valve memberthrough which is formed an axially extending hole for receiving a boltorscrew |88. The lower end of the screw |88 is threaded into thesupporting bracket |38 (Figure 8) and the shank of the screw hassurrounding it and within the counterbore |86 a coil spring |89 oftheexpansion type, which abuts on one end with the bracket |38 and on itsother end with the valve portion |81. The screw |88 has its headdisposed within the counterbore and the head is thereby adapted toengage with the valve portion |81 for limiting the movement of the valveupwardly under the influence of the spring |86. The spring |86 tends todispose the valve in a position for interrupting the flow of the mediumthrough the ports |18 and |19 (Figure 10). In order to shift the valvetothe position shown in the drawings (Figures 8 and 10) and against theaction of spring |86, the carrier |46 is provided on its under surfacewith a boss |90 (Figures 8 and 10) in line with the valve |16 and boss|90 engages and shifts the valve downwardly when the carrier |46 is inits operative or downward position, which is .shown in Figure 8. moveupwardly, valve |16 follows such upward movement under the action ofspring |86 and to an extent permitted by the head of screw.

The hydraulic circuit is diagrammatically shown in Figure '1 andcomprises a pump |9| having connected with its inlet port a conduit |92which terminates in a sump or tank |93 for the hydraulic medium,preferably oil. The, discharge side of the pump |9| is connected bymeans of a pipe or conduit |94 with a control or reversing valveindicated generally by the numeral |95, and to be later described indetail. The valve |95 is adapted to alternately connect the conduit |94with the conduits |25 and |84, the former (|25) terminating at the port|2| of the cylinder |20 while the latter (|84) terminates at the port|83 of the cylinder |40. The remaining conduit |84 or |25 is connectedwith branch discharge conduits |96 and |91 which are connected with thecommon return conduit |98 which terminates in the tank or sump |93. Fromthe hydraulic diagram in Figure '1 it will be seen that the conduit |24connects the port |8| of the by-pass valve with the port |22 of thecylinder |20. It will also be seen that conduit |44 connects the port|43 of the cylinder |40 with the port |23 of the cylinder |20. Also theconduit |84 is connected by the When carrier |46 and related parts yport |83, shown in Figure '1 diagrammatically as conduit |99, with thecylinder |40.

The cycle of operation of the parts hydraulically actuated is asfollows. The b y-pass valve |16 is shown in open position, the piston|4| is 5 shown at the lower end o f its movement with the work carrierand the work thereon in position in the throat and being operated uponby the wheels, and the piston ||9 is shown at its inner position so thatthe wheel |08 (Figure 4) is operating on 10 the side face of ilange |05of the work piece.v As soon as the operation on the work piece beingoperated upon is completed, the valve |95 (Figure 6) is actuated, bymeans to be later described, for connecting the pressure medium in ltheconduit 15 |94 with the conduit |25. This then eiects an outwardmovement of the piston ||9v (to right in Figure '1 and downwardly inFigure 4) for retracting the wheel |08 and as soon as the wheel is fullyretracted, the port |23 (Figures '7 and 4) is uncovered, whereupon thefluid under hydraulic pressure enters the conduit |44 (Figures '1 and 8)to the under side of the piston |4| in the cylinder |40. At the timethat piston I9 was retracted, the hydraulic medium ahead of it wasexpelled from the cylinder |20 into and through the conduit |24, thenthrough ports |18 and |19 of Avalve mechanism |16 (Figures '1 and 8) andthen through conduit |84 to the valve I 95, where it became connectedwith branch and main exhaust 30 conduits |91 and |98, passing to thepump |93 to be again taken up by the pump |9| through conduit |92.

The pressure medium in the conduit |44 now eiects the upward movement ofthe piston |4| 35 (Figures '1 and 8) carrying with it the carrier |46with its work piece and elevating the work above the lapping and controlwheels so that lt may be replaced by an unfinished one. Assoon as thecarrier is moved upwardly, the spring |86 (Figure 40 8) shifts theby-pass valve 16 upwardly to a position to cut off further flow of themedium from thepipe |24 (Figure '1) through the ports |18 and |19 intothe conduit |84 and thereby holding piston ||9 (Figures 7 and 4) andconsequent- 45 ly the Wheel |08 stationary, in a retracted position, andhence out of the position where it had been operating upon the work.

As soon as the work piece is replaced by an unnished one, the valve |95is again shifted, this 50 time to the position shown in Figure 7,thereby connecting the main pressure conduit |94 with the conduit |84.The by-pass valve |16 is now in a position to prevent flow through ports|18. and |19 so that the pressure medium in the conduit 55 |84 passesthrough the port or conduit |99 to the upper end of the cylinder |40(Figures '1 and 8) and effects a descent of the piston |4| and the workloading mechanism controlling it. The work carried by the carrier |55continues in its 60 movement downwardly toward the wheels until furtherdownward movement is arrested by the wheels (see Figure 9), whereuponthe continued downward movement of thefcarrier |46 depresses the by-passvalve |16 (Figures 8 and '1 and 10) 65 for again permitting or eiectinga ow through the ports |18 and |19 (Figure 7) which thereby connects thebranch pressure conduit |34 with the conduit |24 for effecting an inwardshifting of the piston ||9 and the wheel 08 (Figure 4) 10 into'operative position. At the conclusion of the grinding operation arepetition of the cycle above described is effected.

The reversing or control valve |95 which is shown diagrammatically inFigure '1 is structural- 75 ly shown in Figure 11. As shown in thelatter view, the valve comprises a casing 200 which is bolted to thefront of the bed I as is clearly shown in the lower left-hand portion ofFigure 1, and has pressed into it a bushing 20| (Figure 11) slidablethrough which is the piston valve 202. 'Ihe valve 202 is provided withpassages 203 and 204 for connecting the port 205 of the bushing withtheport 20B, with which in turn connects the conduit |84. At this timethe port 201 of the bushing is connected by the cannelure 203 with theport 208 which in turn connects through the throttle valve 209 with theexhaust port 2|0 connected with the conduit |98. Shifting of the valveto its second position from that shown in Figure 11, effects connectionof the pressure port 2| by way of the cannelure 203 with the port 201,thereby disconnecting the said port 201 from the exhaust port 2 |0. Atthis time also the port 206 is connected with the port 2|2 which isconnected through the throttle valve 2|3 with the port 2 0 and conduit|98. The pressure ports 205 and 2|| are connected by a circumferentialgroove 2|4 in the valve bushing and the port 2| 5 with the pressure port2|6 formed longitu-v dinally of the casing which in turn is connectedwith the pump pressure line |94.

The valve 202 (Figures 11 and 15) is axially shifted by means of a lever2| 1 which is secured to a shaft 2| 8 (Figure 15) rotatably journaled ina bearing 2|9 formed integrally with the valve 'casing 200. Secured tothe shaft 2| 8 is an arm or lever 220 having formed thereon a tongue 22|adapted to be received in a suitable recess 222 formed in the valve 202.be seen that actuation of the lever 2|1 about tle axis of the shaft 2| 8correspondingly shifts the lever or arm 222 for thereby axially shiftingthe valve 202 through its bushing. Iyn order te hold the valve in itsvarious operative positions, it is provided with a pair ofcircumferential detent grooves 223 and 224 (Figure 11) adapted toco-operate with a spring pressed plunger 225 carried by the casing 200,plunger 225 entering one or the other groove according to the strokegiven the valve.

As was suggested above, an abrasive wheel is composed of grains ofvarious grit and grade which are bonded together by a suitable bondingmaterial into a homogeneous mass. This wheel is then rotated at a givenrate of speed while in operative engagement with a work piece which isalso rotated at a given rate of speed, which bears a denite relation tothe speed of rotation of the wheel. In performing grinding operationsthe wheel is rotated at a surface speed of 6000 feet or more va minutewhile the work is rotated at but 150 peripheral feet a minute. Thisproduces a grinding finish on the work consisting ofA alternate groovesand ridges, the disadvantage of which finish is fully set forth above.By materially varying the.' ratio between the speeds of' rotation of thework and wheel, the finish' on the work is materially improved. It hasbeen found in practice that the nearerl these two surface speedsapproach the ratio of one to one, the ner and flatter becomes the inishon the work. In

other words, there is but a slight diierentialin peripheral speedbetween the lapping wheels and' the work, which ratio is determined bythe size of the work and is such that the speed of the parts does nottend to drag the work down between the wheels. 'I'he speed of rotationof the work is veffected and controlled by the regulating or frictioncontrol'wheels 36 wherefor the sur- `level of the valleys therebetween.

From this it will face speed of these wheels must be below the surfacespeed of the operating or lapping wheels in order to establish theproper surface speed relation between the work and the said lappingwheels. I

In ordinary grinding practice the work contacts with the peripheralsurface of a grinding wheel along a line parallel with the axis of thegrinding wheel which axis and that of the work are parallel whereby anyvibration in these parts results in' ridges and valleys extending thefull -lengthA thereof. These high portions of the work surface arecommercially known as chatter and cause the work, when put to use, towear rapidly since the contact therewith is not a true surface contactbut on the tops of the ridges,-

which will .wear until they are reduced to the With the present machine,the axis of the peripherally operative lapping wheel is disposed at arelatively large angle to the axis of the work, thereby causing thelapping wheels to contact the work along a diagonal line. In otherwords, the lapping wheels simultaneously engage the tops of a pluralityof ridges or chatters and simultaneously reduce said ridges to the depthof the valleys. 'I'he relative arrangement of the parts from which theabove-mentioned diagonal or oblique lapping action takes place is bettershown in Figure 6, in which the tilt of the axis of the operating orlap- 'ping members 52, 5| and 50 relative to the axis of the parts ofthe work piece engaged thereby is better shown. Throughout the lengthof,

each peripherally operating lapping member and v piece, performs thislapping action in that a point on the operating surface on the lappingmember moves obliquely to the circumferential ridges and valleys (whichresult from the grinding of the work prior to being subjected to theoperation of our apparatus) but while the work piece is being rotated bythe control member or members (members 86, 84 and 83, in Figure 6,respectively, juxtaposed to the lapping members 52, 5| and 50) andthereby the reduction or leveling off of the ridges ls dependably andquickly achieved. The action of the abrasive particles throughout theextent of the line of contact between the work and the lapping member isthus made to be effective in a direction oblique to this line of contactand preferably not parallel to the direction in which the grooves orvalleys and their intervening ridges extend circumferentially about thework piece. 'I'he effect is somewhat like wiping this obliqueness ofaction, as the work piece continues to rotate, continuously around thewhole cylindrical portion of the work piece being operated upon, andtheabrasive particles are thus dependably caused to traverse (rather thanto line up with) the ridges and valleys. From this it will be seen Ythatthe work produced by this machine is not only devoid of thecircumferential marks, but of the longitudinal chatter marks as well.

To effect the proper differential between the spindles 44 and 14 ofthelapping and control apr-7,975

shaft 230 is rotatably journaled in bearings provided by a speedchanging box or casing 23| (Figure 12) secured to the rear wall of thebed I5. The sprocket 229 has formed integrally therewith or securedthereto an enlarged flange 232 constituting one member of a safety drivevclutch co-operating with a clutch'member 233 driven -from the primemover or motor 236 through the belts 235, pulley 234, safety clutch232-233, and the sprocket and chain mechanism from the shaft 230.

The shaft 239 (Figure 12) extends into and through the variable speedbox 23| and is provided with a driving, mechanism for eecting the speedchanges or reductions. As seen inFigure 12, this driving mechanismcomprises a pair of cone drive discs 231 and 238 having formed on theiropposed conical faces radial grooves 239 with which engage the dogs 240of the flexible power transmission chain 24|. The dogs 240 of the chain24| in turn engage with similar radial grooves 242 formed on the opposedfaces of driven cone members 243 and 244 which are similar in allrespects to the cone members 231 and 238. 'Ihese other cone members243--244 are keyed ,or otherwise secured to a shaft 245 rotatablyjournaledin the walls of the speed change box 23|. The driven shaft. 245has on a projecting end thereof a sprocket 246 about which is trained asprocket chain 241 in turn passing upwardly about the sprocket 221 onthe friction control wheel spindle 14 (Figure 4). The speed of the shaft245, as compared to the speed of the shaft 230, depends upon theseparation of the opposed members 231--238 and 243- 244 or in otherwords, if the driving dogs engage the opposed cone members at a centralpoint as respects the length of the radial grooves 239 and 242, thespeed' ratio of shafts 230 and 245 and hence of the lapping and controlwheels will be the ratio of one to one, while if the members 231 and 238were separated to permit the driving dogs to engage the radial groovesnear their inner termini and the members 243 and 244 were actuatedtoward one another to cause said dogs to engage in the radial groovesnear their outer termini, then the speed of the shaft 245 is less thanthe speed ofthe shaft 239. Conversely if`these driving and driven conemembers are oppositely set or actuated, a change in ratio in oppositedirection between these shafts results.

From the foregoing it will be seen that the operating or lapping wheelsare rotated at a constant speed while the regulating members may berotated at variable speeds to thereby establish the desired ratio ofspeed between the work and the lapping members. This variation in speedis eected by, as suggested above, varying the separation of the drivingand driven cone members. This separat-ion is accomplished by two pairsof arms 248 and 249 (Figure 12), the former-pair being connected to oneanother by the pins 25|)4 while the latter rare correspondinglyconnected by pins 25|. The said arms are pivoted at a point centrallybetween the axes of the shafts 230 and 245 as at 252 and 253. The arms248 are pivotally connected at their outer end at 254 to the drivingmember 231 and are pivoted near their other ends at 255 to the drivenmember 243 and have a sliding connection at 256 with a nut 251 inthreaded engagement with the screw 258. Ihe arms 249 are pivoted at 259to the driving member 238 and at 260 with'the driven member 244. Thearms 249 also have a sliding connection 26| with a nut 262 on the screw263. The screws 258 'and 263 are of opposite hand and are formedintegral with or connected to a shaft 264 so that rotation of the shaftand consequently of the screws in a given direction actuates or movestheir respective nuts 251 and 262 in opposite directions, for example,toward each other, thereby simultaneously shifting the members 231 and238 away from one another and shifting the members 243 and 244 towardone` another, or vice versa. The shaft 264 is rotatably journaled' insuitable bearings prov-idedby the walls of the casing 23|, and extendsbeyond the walls where it receives at one end the manually operable knob265 (Figure 12) and at the other end a sprocket .266. 'Ihe knob 265 maybe resorted to in emergency since it is down in back of the bed, whilethe sprocket 266 is generally employed for more conveniently effectingthe necessary or desired adjustment of the parts.

For this latter purpose the sprocket 266 has extending about it a chain261 which is also trained about a sprocket 268 (see now Figure 5)secured to a shaft 269. 'I'he shaft 269 is rotated in suitable bearingsprovided by the walls of the bed I5, and beyond the front wall of thebed, or the front bearings 210, the shaft is extended to receive amanually actuable lever 21| (see also Figure l). The lever 21| isprovided with a pointer 212 co-operating with a dial 213 for read-v ilydetermining the relative adjustment of the parts'.

From the foregoing it will be seen that the speed of the wheels may bereadily changed from the operators position or station in front of themachine bed where he is at all times stationed during the operation ofthe machine.

In order to properly tension the belts 235 and in order to take up anystretch in the belts, the prime mover or motor 236 (Figuresl and 3) isin effect mounted on a swivel bracket or up-ended platform 2|4 pivotedat 215 to the bed l5. The upper end of the platform is prcvided with afork lcarrying a nut 216 in threaded engagement with a screw 211projecting outwardly from the bed |5. Adjustment of the platform 214 tothe left about the axis 215 effects the proper tightening or tensioningof the belts 235.

Thepulley 234-has extending from it a transmission belt 218 (Figure 12)trained about a suitable pulley associated with the pump 219 (Figure 1)pivotally mounted at 280 to the right hand end of the bed, as seen inFigure 1. This pump 219 is also tiltable 'toward or away from the pulley234 for properly tightening or tensioning the belt 218, for whichpurpose it has extending from it an arm 28| (Figure 1) through whichextends an adjustable tightening screw 282 co-operating with a bracket283 or other fixed part of the machine for effecting the de'- siredadjustment of the pump 219.

From the foregoing the construction and operation of our apparatus willbe clear and it` will be seen that there has been provided in thisinvention a lapping machine in which the various objects above set forthor indicated, together with many thoroughly practical advantages, aresuccessfully achieved. It will be seen that the apparatus is ofathoroughly practical nature, is capable of dependably operating uponwork pieces of peculiar or irregular shapes or conformations, and,moreover, that the apparatus is capable of such flexibility ofadjustment or of interrelation of the various parts thereof that it iswell adapted to meet the widely varying types and characters of workpieces, particularly cylindrical work pieces that have shoulders orcollared parts thereon, all without detracting from accuracy or qualityof result.

What is claimed is: t

1. In a lapping machine of the class described, the combination of apair of opposed spindles, a plurality of lapping wheels on one spindle,a plurality of control Wheels on the other spindle,

said spindles being spaced from one another to space the peripheries ofsaid lapping and control wheels a distance less than the diameter of thework being operated upon whereby the work issupported on the peripheriesof said wheels, means for rotating said wheels at speeds insucient todraw the Work down between them, loading and ejecting means for placingthe work in position on the wheels and removing same from said wheels,and hydraulically actuated means or operating said work loading andejecting means.

2. In a lapping machine for lapping the portion of a cylindrical workpiece adjacent a shoulder thereon, the combination of a cylindricallapping member rotatable about an axis to dispose said member in avertical plane and engaging said work piece on one side of said portionwitl. said shoulder extending to one side of said lapping member, anopposed friction control member for engaging said portion of the work onthe other side thereof to eiect and control its rotation during thelapping operation, means for eiecting the rotation of said members atslightly differential surface speeds, and means for lapping a face ofsaid shoulder as said work piece is rotated by said control member andhence as said shoulder is also rotated.

3. In a lapping machine of the class described, the combination with abed, of a pair of heads mounted thereon, means for eiecting adjustmentof one of said heads in a direction toward or away from the other, aspindle rotatably mounted in each head, a lapping member `on one of thespindles for lapping the cylindrical portion of a work piece that isdisposed adjacent a shoulder, and a friction control and lapping memberon the other spindle for engagement respectively with the cylindricalportion of the work and with shoulder for simultaneouslyeffecting andcontrolling the rotation of the work and for lapping the shoulderportion adjacent thereto.'

4. In a lapping machine of the class described, the combination with abed, of a pair of heads mounted thereon, means for effecting adjustmentof one of said heads in a direction toward or away from the other, aspindle rotatably mounted in each head, a lapping member on one of thespindles for lapping the cylindrical portion of a work piece that isdisposed adjacent a collar, a friction control and lapping member on theother spindle for engagement respectively with the cylindrical portionof the work and With the adjacent face of the collar for simultaneouslyeiecting and controlling the rotation of the work and for lapping thesaid adjacent face of the collar, and a second lapping wheel spaced fromsaid second-mentioned lapping member in the direction of the axis of thelatter and thereby positioned for engaging the opposite face of saidcollar for effecting the lapping thereof.

5. In a lapping machine of the class described, 5 the combination with abed, of a pair of heads mounted thereon, means for effecting adjustmentof one of said heads in a direction toward or away from the other, aspindle rotatably mounted in each head, a lapping member on one of the lspindles for lapping the cylindrical portion of a work piece that isdisposed adjacent a collar, a friction control and lapping member on theother spindle for engagement respectively with the cylindrical portionof the work and with the l adjacent face of the collar forsimultaneously effecting and controlling the rotation of the work andfor lapping, the said adjacent face of the collar, a second lappingwheel spaced from said second-mentioned lapping member in the directionof the axis of the latter and thereby positioned for engaging theopposite face of said collar for effecting the lapping thereof, and

means for shifting the second lapping member toward and from the collarto permit a replacement of thework.

6." In a lapping machine of the class described, the combination with abed, of a pair of heads mounted thereon for independent movementrelative thereto toward and from one another, additional independentmeans for pivotally securing the heads to the bed whereby the said headsmay be independently swung relative to the bed, a carriage pivotallymounted on each head for swinging adjustment relative thereto; a spindlerotatably journaled in each head, a lapping member carried by one of thespindles, a friction control member carried by the other spindle, andmeans for adjusting the positions of the heads to dispose theperipheries of the lapping and control wheels from one another adistance less than the diameter of the Work whereby it may be supportedon the peripheries of the wheels. u

7. In a lapping machine of the class described, the combination with abed, of a pairof heads mounted thereon for independent movement relativethereto toward and from one another, additional independent means forpivotally securing the heads to the bed whereby the said heads may beVindependently swung relative to the bed, a carriage pivotally mountedon each head for swinging adjustment relative thereto, a spindlerotatably journaled in each head, a lapping member carried by one of thespindles, a friction control member carried by the other spindle, meansfor adjusting the positions of the heads to dispose the peripheries ofthe lapping and control wheels from one another a distance less than thediameter of the work whereby it 00 may be supported on the peripheriesof the, wheels, and yielding means for yieldingly holding the work incontact with the peripheries of said wheels.l

8. In a lapping machine of the class described, the combination with abed, of a pair of heads mounted thereon for independent movementrelative thereto toward and from the one another, additional independentmeans for pivotally securing the heads to the bed whereby the said headsmay be independently swung relative to the bed, a carriage pivotallymounted on each head for swinging adjustment relative thereto, a spindlerotatably journaled in each head, a lapping member carried by one of thespindles, a

friction control member carried by the other spindle, means foradjusting the positions of the heads to dispose the peripheries of thelapping and control wheels from one another a distance less than thediameter of the work whereby it may be supported on the peripheries ofthe wheels, yielding means for yieldingly holding the work in contactwith the peripheries of said wheels, and a loading and ejectingmechanism operable for loading the work on the wheels and ejecting sametherefrom at the conclusion of the lapping operation.

9. In a lapping machinefor simultaneously lapping a plurality of spacedportions on a work piece one of which portions is adjacent a flange andfor simultaneously lapping the sides of said flange, comprising alapping member for each spaced portion of the work piece, yan opposedcontrol member for each spaced portion of the shaft, the control `memberfor the portion of the shaft adjacent the flange being utilized forlapping the adjacent face of the flange, and means for rotating thelapping and control members at speeds having a relatively lowdifferential between them.

10. In a lapping machine for simultaneously lapping a plurality. ofspaced portions on a work piece one of which portions is adjacent aflange and for simultaneously lapping the sides of said flange,comprising a lapping member for each spaced portion of the work piece,an opposed control member for each spaced portion of the shaft, thecontrol member for the portion of the shaft adjacent the flange beingutilized for lapping the adjacent face of the ange, means for rotatingthe lapping and control members at speeds having a relatively lowdifferential between them, and an additional lapping member for lappingthe remaining face of the flange.

,11. In a lapping machine for simultaneously lapping a plurality ofspaced portions on a work piece one of which portions is adjacent aflange and for simultaneously lapping the sides of said flange,comprising a lapping member for each spaced portion of the work piece,an opposed control member for each spacedportion of the shaft, thecontrol member for the portion of the shaft adjacent the flange beingutilized for lapping the adjacent face of the flange, means for rotatingthe lapping and control members at speeds having a relatively lowdifferential between them, an additional lapping member for lapping theremaining face of the flange, and means for actuating the additionallapping member toward and from the flange.

12. In a lapping machine for simultaneously lapping a plurality of'spaced portions on a work piece one of which portions is adjacent aflange and for simultaneously lapping the sides of said flange,comprising a lapping member for each spaced portion of the work piece,an opposed control member for each spaced portion of the shaft, thecontrol member for the portion of the shaft adjacent the flange beingutilized for lapping the adjacent face of the flange, means for rotatingthe lapping and control members at speeds having a relatively lowdifferential between them, an additional lapping member for lapping theremaining face of the flange, means for actuating the additional lappingmember toward and from the flange, a loading and ejecting mechanism forsequentially positioning the work piece in operative position asrespects the lapping and control members and for removing same from theoperative position, and means interconnecting the operation of theadditional lapping member and the loading and ejecting mechanismto'retract the lapping member prior to the ejection of the work pieceand advance same after the positioning thereof.

13. In a' lapping machine forv simultaneously lapping a plurality ofspaced portions on a work piece one of which portions is adjacent aflange and for simultaneously lapping the sides of said flange,comprising a lapping member for each spaced portion of the work piece,an opposed control member for each spaced portion of the work piece, thecontrol member for the portion of the work piece adjacent the flangebeing utilized for lapping the adjacent face of the flange, means forrotating the lapping and control members at speeds having a relativelylow differential between them, an additional lapping member for lappingthe remaining face of the flange,

means for actuating the additional lapping-member toward and from theflange, a loading andv ejecting mechanism for sequentially positioningthe work piece in operative position as respects the lapping and controlmembers and for removing same from the operative position, meansinterconnecting the operation of the additional lapping member and theloading and ejecting mechanism to retract the lapping member prior tothe ejection of the work piece and advance same after the positioningthereof, and hydraulically controlledmeans for effecting the operationof the loading and ejecting mechanism and the shifting of `theadditional lapping member.

14. In a lapping machine of the class described, the combination withopposed lapping and control members spaced from one another a distanceto support a work piece on the peripheries thereof, of an hydraulicloading and ejecting mechanism comprising a carrier, a pistonoperatively connected with the carrier whereby movement in oppositedirections effects a corresponding movement of the carrier, a carrierblade associated with the carrier, means on the carrier blade to`prevent inadvertent contact between the work and the wheels, andpressure means for engaging the work when in position between saidopposed lapping and control members for yieldably holding the Work incontact therewith.

15. In a lapping machine ofthe class described, the combination of abed, bearing surfaces on said bed at opposite ends thereof, a lappinghead disposed on one of said bearing surfaces, a control head disposedon the lother of said surfaces, the lapping head being formed on itsunder surface with a guideway, a guide received in said way and havingone end pivoted to the bearing surface, means carried by the bed foreffecting adjustment of the guide about its pivot, and cooperating meanscarried by the guide and head for effecting the adjustment of the headrelative to the bearing surface .and guide along an axis determined bythe angular adjustment of the guide.

16. In a lapping machine of the class described, the combination of abed, bearing surfaces on said bed at opposite ends thereof, a lappinghead disposed on one of said bearing surfaces, a control head disposed0n the other of said surfaces, the lapping head being formed on itsunder surface with a guideway, a guide received in said way and havingone end pivoted to the bearing surface, means carried by the bed foreffecting adjustment of the guide about its pivot, co-operating meanscarried by the 'guide and head for effecting the .adjustment of the headrelative to and means'associated with said head for securing same inposition on the bearing surface after adjustment.

17. In a lapping machine of the class described. the combination of abed, bearing surfaces on said bed at opposite ends thereof, a'. lappinghead disposed on one of said bearing surfaces, a control head disposedon the other of said surfaces, the

lapping head being formed on its under surface with a guideway, a guidereceived in said way and having one end pivoted to the bearing surface,means carried by the bed for effecting adjustment of the guide about itspivot, co-operating means carried by the guide and head for eilectingthe adjustment of the head relative to the bearing surface and guidealong an axis determined by the .angular adjustment of the guide, Vmeansassociated with said head for securing same in position on the bearingsurface after adjustment, a spindle carriage pivotally secured to saidhead, and means for .adjusting the carriage about its pivotal support.

18. In a lapping machine of the class described, the combination with abed having a bearing surface thereon, of a head mounted on said bearingsurface for sliding movement relative thereto, saidhead having aguideway formed on its under surface, a guide pivoted to the bearing andreceived in the head guideway, means pivotally securing the guide to thehead whereby it may be adjusted for disposing the axisof movement oflthe head at angles, a carriage pivotally carried by the head, a spindlerotatably journaled in the carriage, and means for adjusting thecarriage relative to the head in a direction axially of the spindle.

19. In a lapping machine of the class described, the combination of abed, a pairof heads mounted on said bed, a spindle rotatably journaledin each head, a lapping member on one spindle, a work rotationcontrolling member on the other spindle, means for .adjusting theposition of one 0f said heads in a direction toward or away from theother, and means for adjusting one of said heads in a substantiallyhorizontal plane whereby Vthe axis of one of the spindles may bedisposed angularly to the other in said horizontal plane land wherebythe said axes of the spindles may be disposed parallel to one another.

20. In a lapping machine of the class described, the combination of abed, a pair of heads mounted on said bed, a spindle rotatably journaledin each head, a lapping n iember on one spindle, a work rotationcontrolling member on the other spindle, means for adjusting the.position of one of said heads in a direction toward or away from theother, means for adjusting one of said heads in a substantiallyhorizontal plane whereby the axis of one of the spindles may be disposedangularly. to the other in said `horizontal plane and whereby the saidaxes of the spindles may be disposed parallel to, one another, and meansfor ad- -justing one of the heads in a direction to achieveV a skewingof the axes of the spindles relative to one another.

21. In a lapping machine of the class described,

the combination of a bed, a pair of heads mountj ed on vthe bed, aspindle rotatably journaled in each head respectively provided with alapping member and a work rotation frictional control member, means foradjusting one of lsaid heads toward and away from the other to permitthe disposition of the peripheries of the lapping and control membersinclose proximity to support a work piece thereon, means for rotatingone of said spindles at a given speed, means for rotating the otherspindle at variable speeds and means connecting the driving means ofsaid two spindles whereby the variation of the second spindle isupwardly and downwardly with respect to the speed of the rst spindle. a

22. In a lapping machineof the class described for simultaneouslylapping a'cylindrical and collared portion of a work piece, thecombination of a bed, a pair of opposed lapping and work rotationcontrol members mounted on the bed, said membersr respectively lappingthe cylindrical portion of work and controlling the rotation thereofduring the said lapping operation, a second lapping member for lappingthe Yface of the collar portion of the work simultaneously with thelapping of the cylindrical portion thereof, means for loading andejecting the work in operative relation with the lapping and controlmembers, and means for shifting the second lapping member into and outof operative relation with the face of the collar.

23. In a lapping machine of the class described for simultaneouslylapping a cylindrical and collared portion of a work piece, thecombination of a bed, a pair of opposed lapping and work rotationcontrol members mounted on the bed, said,

members respectively lapping the cylindrical portion of work andcontrolling the rotation thereof during the said lapping operation, asecond lapping member for lapping the face of the collar portion of thework simultaneously with the lapping of the cylindrical portion thereof,means' for loading and ejecting the work in operative relation with thelapping and control members, means for shifting the second lappingmember into and out of operative relation with the face 'of the collar,.and means for interlocking the loading and ejecting mechanism with themeans for shifting the second lapping member whereby they aresequentially operated.

24. In a lapping machine of the class described for simultaneouslylapping a cylindrical and collared portion of a work piece, thecombination of a bed, a pair of opposed lapping and work rotationcontrol members mounted on the bed, said members respectively lappingthe cylin-l drical portion of work and controlling the rotation thereofduring the said lapping operation, a

'second lapping member for lapping the face of the collar portion of thework simultaneously with thelapping of thel cylindrical portion thereof,means for loading and ejecting the work in operative relation with thelapping and control members, means for shifting the second lappingmember into and out of operative relation with the face of the collar,and means for interlocking theA loading and ejecting mechanism with themeans for shifting the second lapping member whereby they aresequentially operated, said mst-mentioned means comprising hydraulicallyactuated mechanisms associated with said loadin'g and ejecting mechanismand the second lapping member.

25. In a lapping machine of the class described for simultaneouslylapping a cylindrical drical portion of work and controlling' therotation thereof during the 'said lapping operation,

a second lapping member for lappingltheface 75.

after moving it of the collar portion of the work simultaneously withthe lapping of the cylindrical portion thereof, means for loading andejecting the work in operative relation with the lapping and controlmembers, means for shifting the second lapping member into and out ofoperative relation with the face of the collar, means for interlockingthe loading and ejecting mechanism with the means for shifting thesecond lapping member whereby they are sequentially operated, saidfirst-mentioned means comprising hydraulically actuated mechanismsassociated with said loading and ejecting mechanism and the secondlapping member, an hydraulical pressure system for actuating the saidhydraulically actuated mechanism, and a valve in said pressure systemfor initiating the reverse operations thereof.

26. In a lapping machine, the combination with opposed lapping andcontrol members spaced from one another by a distance to support a workpiece on the adjacent peripheries thereof, of work loading and ejectingmechanism n comprising a work carrier, means mounting the work carrierfor movement in up and down direction respectively to move a work pieceupwardly out of engagement with said members or downwardly intoengagement therewith, means for effecting said up and down movement ofsaid work carrier, means for engaging the work when in position betweensaid opposed lapping and control members for yieldably pressing the workinto contact with the peripheries thereof, and means operative uponmovement of said carrier in upward direction for removing saidworkpressing means out of engagement with the work.

27. In a lapping machine, the combination with opposed lapping spacedfrom one another by a distance to form, by the peripheries of saidmembers, a troughlike work-receiving throat whose narrower portion is ofa dimension less than the diameter of the work to be lapped, means formoving work in a direction from the larger portion'toward the narrowerportion of said work-receiving throat, thereby to present the work tothe opposed peripheries of said members, and therein reverse directionto remove the work from said throat, means for effecting rotation ofsaid members at slightly differential surface speeds and with theadjacent peripheries moving in opposite directions, and means forpressing the work when positioned in said workreceivingr throat and whenin engagement with the peripheries of said members in a direction towardthe narrower portion of said throat.

28. A lapping nachine as claimed in claim 2'7 in which there is providedmeans mounting said work-pressing means to cause it lto parta-ke ofmovement with said work-moving means, and means operating, when saidwork-moving means moves the work in a direction toward the largerportion of the work-receiving throat, to move said work-pressing meansout of engagement with the work and thereby permit removal thereof fromsaid work-moving means.

29. A lapping machine as claimed in claim 27 in which there is providedspring means for yeldably operating upon said work-pressing means tocause the latter yieldingly to press the I work toward the narrowerportion of said workreceiving throat, and means operating, when saidwork-moving means moves the work in a direction toward the largerportion of the workreceiving throat, to overcome the action of said andcontrol members V spring means and to move said work-pressing means outof engagement with the work.

30. A lapping machine as claimed in claim 27 in which the work-pressingmeans comprises a pivotally mounted arm having rotatably mounted thereona roller for directly engaging the work, and means forcing said arm toswing in a direction to cause said roller, when the work-moving meanshas moved the work into said work-receiving throat, to exert pressure onthe work in a direction toward the narrower portion of the throat.

31. A lapping machine as claimed in claim 27 in which the work-pressingmeans comprises a pivotally mounted arm having rotatably mounted thereona roller for directly engaging the work, means forcing said arm to swingin a direction to cause said roller, when the work-moving means hasYmoved the work into said work-receiving throat, to exert pressure onthe work in a direction toward the narrower portion of the throat, andmeans operating, when said workmoving means moves the work in adirection toward the larger portion of said work-receiving throat, toswing said arm in reverse direction and thereby remove said roller fromengagement with the work.

32. In a' lapping machine for simultaneously lapping a cylindricalportion and a flange portion of a work piece, in combination, opposedlapping 30 and control members between the adjacent operative surfacesof which the cylindrical portion of the work piece is engaged, means forrotating said members so as to give said adjacent operative' surfacessurface speeds having a relatively low differential therebetween and tocause them to move in opposite directions relative to the work pieceengaged therebetween, whereby the lapping member laps said cylindricalportion of the work piece while said control member effects and controlsthe rotation of the work piece and hence of the flange portion thereof,a pair of spaced lapping members between which said rotating flangeportion extends, and means for driving said pair of lapping members tocause them to effect a lapping operation on the two side facesof saidflange portion during the rotation thereof by said control member.

33. In a lapping machine for simultaneously lapping a cylindricalportion and a flange portion of a work piece, in combination, opposedlapping and control members between the adjacent operative surfaces ofwhich thecylindrical portion of the work piece is engaged, at least oneof said members having a shaft and means for rotatably supporting saidshaft, means for rotating said members so as to give'said adjacentoperative surfaces surface speeds having a relatively low differentialtherebetween and to cause them to move in opposite directions relativeto the work piece engaged thereby, whereby the lapping member laps saidcylindrical portion of the work piece while said control member-effectsand controls the rotation of the work piece and hence of the'angeportion thereof, a lapping member for operating upon a side face of saidange portion as the work piece with the latter is rotated by saidcontrol member, means comprising a sleeve-like member for supportingsaid last-mentioned lapping member, said sleeve-like member beingslidably received upon said shaft, means forming a driving connectionbetween said sleeve-like member and said shaft whereby saidlast-mentioned lapping member may be driven, and means for controllingthe position of said sleeve-like member lengthwise o1' said shaft tobring said lastmentioned lapping member into or out of opera.-

.lapping a cylindrical portion tive relation to the side face of saidilange portion of the work piece. 34. In a lapping machine for ping androtation-control of said cylindrical portion and thereby setting saidange portion into rotation,y and means for moving said second- 25mentioned lapping member to bring its operative surface into lappingengagement with the side face of said rotating ange portion.

quenti'ally in the order named. f

FREDERICK J. THELER. GEORGE V. JOHNSTON. WILLE'ITS PEASLEE.

